General Motors filed for bankruptcy protection on Monday, culminating the collapse of the automaker that once symbolised American global industrial might.
The filing in the same New York court that approved a speedy restructuring for Chrysler aims to allow GM to re-emerge as a new, leaner company within 60 to 90 days.
GM listed assets of $US82.3 billion ($A102.49 billion) and debts of $US172.8 billion ($A215.19 billion).
The US industrial icon enters the process with billions in government financing and agreements already in place to cut labour costs, swap much of its debt for equity and reduce its liabilities by 50 per cent.
Senior US officials pledged to provide $US30 billion ($A37.36 billion) to the "new GM" to emerge from the process, on top of nearly $US20 billion ($A24.91 billion) already loaned to the ailing firm.
The deal would give the US government a 60 per cent stake in the auto giant, while the governments of Canada and Ontario, which have several GM factories, will provide an additional $US9.5 billion ($A11.83 billion) in financing and receive a 12 per cent stake.
The European Opel and Vauxhall subsidiaries are leaving the GM empire under a rescue engineered this weekend in Germany with support from a Canadian company and a Russian bank.
Officials said the process is expected to be similar to that of Chrysler, which is expected to emerge from bankruptcy protection this week after just over a month.
However, the process will not be "as speedy as Chrysler because GM is a far larger, far more complicated global company", senior administration officials cautioned.
President Barack Obama, who had given GM a deadline to come up with a viability plan, was to hold a press conference at 11.55am on Monday (0155 AEST Tuesday) to discuss the state of the automotive industry.
Newly appointed GM chief executive officer Fritz Henderson, who is expected to continue to steer the new company, will speak to the media shortly afterwards.
The largest US automaker will close 11 plants and idle three others as it slashes its operating costs in order to lower its break-even point by 40 per cent in terms of overall US industry sales.
Officials cautioned that the Obama administration has no intention of nationalising General Motors over the long term and will not be participating in its day-to-day operations.
"The government has no desire to own equity stakes in companies any longer than necessary, and will actively seek to dispose of its ownership as soon as practicable," senior administration officials said.
"The goal is to promote strong viable companies that can become profitable quickly and contribute to economic growth and jobs without government involvement."
Creditors holding about 54 per cent of General's Motors bonds agreed to a plan that would swap $US27.1 billion ($A33.75 billion) in debt for a 10 per cent stake and warrants allowing them to buy an additional 15 per cent stake, officials said.
Bondholders who rejected the plan could still fight it in court, but the government maintains they could end up with little or nothing if they take that path.
A retiree health care trust will receive a 17.5 per cent stake in the new GM and $US6.5 billion ($A8.09 billion) in preferred stock in exchange for forgiving much of a $US20 billion ($A24.91 billion) obligation.
Employees will continue to be paid and GM will immediately seek permission to continue to pay suppliers and honour customer warranties.
GM will also offer about 40 per cent of its dealers 18 months to wind down their operations and will immediately seek permission to honor incentives offered to its remaining dealers, under a plan to shrink the number of GM sales outlets.
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