Ben Gazzara, whose powerful dramatic performances brought an intensity to a variety of roles and made him a memorable presence in films, on television and on Broadway in the original Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, has died at age 81.
Longtime family friend Suzanne Mados said Gazzara died on Friday in Manhattan after being in hospice care with cancer.
Gazzara was a proponent of method acting, in which the performer attempts to take on the thoughts and emotions of the character he's playing, and it helped him achieve stardom early in his career with two stirring Broadway performances.
In 1955 he originated the role of Brick Pollitt, the disturbed alcoholic son and failed football star in Cat on a Hot Tin Roof.
He left the show after only seven months to take on an equally challenging role, Johnny Pope, the drug addict in A Hatful of Rain. It earned him his first of three Tony Award nominations.
In 1965 he moved on to TV stardom in Run for Your Life, a drama about a workaholic lawyer who, diagnosed with a terminal illness, quits his job and embarks on a globe-trotting attempt to squeeze a lifetime of adventures into the one or two years he has left. He was twice nominated for Emmys during the show's three-year run.
Gazzara made his movie debut in 1957 in The Strange One, Calder Willingham's bitter drama about brutality at a Southern military school.
He had previously played the lead role of the psychopathic cadet, Jocko de Paris, on Broadway in Willingham's stage version of the story, End of Man.
He followed that film with Anatomy of a Murder, in which he played a man on trial for murdering a tavern keeper who had been accused of raping his wife.
After Run for Your Life ended in 1968, Gazzara spent the rest of his career alternating between movies and the stage, although rarely with the critical acclaim he had enjoyed during his early years.
In the 1970s, he teamed with his friend director John Cassavetes for three films, Husbands, The Killing of a Chinese Bookie and Opening Night.
Other films included The Bridge at Remagen, The Young Doctors, They All Laughed, The Big Lebowski, The Thomas Crown Affair, If It's Tuesday, It Must Be Belgium, The Spanish Prisoner, Stag and Road House. He also made several films in Italy.
He appeared on Broadway in revivals of Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf, Awake and Sing! Strange Interlude and several other plays.
Gazzara began acting in television in 1952 with roles on the series Danger and Kraft Television Theater. Before landing Run for Your Life, he played a police detective in the series Arrest and Trial, which lasted two seasons.
Born Biagio Anthony Gazzara in New York on August 28, 1930, he grew up on the Lower East Side of Manhattan in a cold-water flat with a bathtub in the kitchen.
His parents were immigrants from Sicily who met and married in New York, and his first language was Italian. Although he was baptised under his birth name, his parents always called him Ben or Benny.
As a child he became fascinated with movies, and after giving his first performance, in a Boys Club play, he knew he had found his life's work.
"I disliked high school," he once said, "and after two years of it I left without telling anyone at home."
Instead he spent his days in movie theatres.
He entered Erwin Piscator's Dramatic Workshop in 1948. Eighteen months later he auditioned for the Actors Studio run by Lee Strasberg and was accepted.
The school was a beehive of activity in those days, turning out such followers of method acting as Marlon Brando, Montgomery Clift, James Dean, Barbara Bel Geddes, Shelly Winters, Paul Newman, Joanne Woodward, Rod Steiger and Julie Harris.
"There's a lot of voodoo about the Actors Studio," Gazzara told The Associated Press in 1966.
"In the best sense it was a place for professionals to stay in touch with their craft, where newcomers and professionals mingled, to grow, to try parts they would never get in the professional theatre and to even fall on their face."
Gazzara's first two marriages, to actresses Louise Erikson and Janice Rule, ended in divorce.
While filming Inchon in Korea in 1981, he met German-born Elke Krivat. They married the following year, and the union endured.
"Elke saved my life," Gazzara said in 1999.
"When I met her, I was drinking too much, fooling around too much, killing myself. She put romance and hope back in my life."
Survivors include his wife and a daughter.
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